Rhino populations experiencing turbulence globally
Conservationists have welcomed encouraging signs for some rhino species, although warning signs indicate that others are in severe decline. A new global assessment by the International Rhino Foundation shows that the overall picture remains fragile, as reported by Associated Press (August 7th).
In Africa, black rhino populations have edged upwards, rising from 6,195 to 7,788 in the most recent count. Although they are still listed as critically endangered, the growth offers a rare glimmer of hope in a dark time for the species. White rhinos tell a different story, with their numbers falling from 15,942 to 15,752 in just four years.
Asian’s rhino species are also facing a myriad of outcomes. Greater one-horned rhinos in northern India and Nepal are experiencing a minor resurgence, with their numbers creeping up from 4,014 to 4,075 individuals. Javan rhinos are not doing so well, with their estimated population shrinking from 76 to around 50 – all confined to a single national park on Java. The Sumatran rhino remains one of the rarest mammals on earth, with only 34-47 known individuals still alive. The figure has, at least, remained largely stable.
Excluding animals in captivity, the global wild rhino population is estimated to stand at around 26,700. Africa is the only continent where black and white rhinos roam in the wild, although even in South Africa, home to the largest numbers of rhinos, populations are declining belong what conservationists consider sustainable in the long term.
Poaching remains the leading cause of losses, with around 400-500 rhinos killed each year for their horns, which are used in parts of Asia. Investigators have identified a new trafficking route stretching from South Africa to Mongolia, with Qatar also getting involved in the illegal trade.
In response, scientists are trialling a novel deterrent – injecting horns with a harmless radioactive compound that will allow border authorities to detect smuggled horns. Whilst the technique is still in the early stages of development, it could help disrupt the lucrative rhino horn black market that threatens the species’ survival.
AP, Maghrebi
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